Определение по дело №129/2020 на Окръжен съд - Разград

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                             ОПРЕДЕЛЕНИЕ

     №                 / 10.07.2020г., гр.Разград

           

Окръжен съд Разград

На десети юли, две хиляди и двадесета година

В закрито съдебно заседание в следния състав:

ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛ: АНЕЛИЯ ЙОРДАНОВА

ЧЛЕНОВЕ: ИРИНА ГАНЕВА

АТАНАС ХРИСТОВ

Секретар:

Прокурор:

Като разгледа докладваното от съдия Ирина Ганева

В.ч.гр.д. № 129 по описа на съда за 2020г., за да се произнесе, взе предвид следното:

Производството е по реда на чл.413 ал.2 ГПК.

Образувано е по частна жалба на „Агенция за събиране на вземания“ЕАД, представляван от изп.директор Д.Б., подадена чрез пълномощник, срещу разпореждане № 1140а/14.04.2020г., постановено по ч.гр.д. № 484/2020г. на РС Разград, с което е отхвърлено подаденото заявление на жалбоподателя за издаване на заповед за изпълнение по чл.410 ГПК срещу длъжника С. Н. Д. за сумата 237,60, представляваща застрахователна премия по застраховка Защита пакет „Премиум живот“ за периода 11.11.2018г.-11.04.2019г., преценена от първостепенния съд като неравноправно договорено вземане. В жалбата се твърди, че неправилно първоинстанционния съд е приел, че клаузата за заплащане на застрахователна премия е с неравноправен характер. Излага, че уговореното финансиране на застраховаелната премия не противоречи на разпоредбите на ЗПК и с включването му не се увеличава процентът ГПР. Жалбоподателят моли съда да отмени разпореждането и да се произнесе по същество на спорния въпрос.

Частната жалба е подадена от надлежна страна, в срока по чл.275 ГПК, срещу подлежащ на обжалване акт и е процесуално допустима.

От фактическа страна се установява следното: производството по ч.гр.д. № 484/2020 г. на Районен съд Разград е образувано по заявление на „Агенция за събиране на вземанията“ЕАД за издаване на заповед за изпълнение по чл.410 ГПК срещу длъжника С. Н. Д. за следните суми: 600лв. главница по договор за заем; 1,14лв. за договорна лихва, дължима за периода 11.11.2018г.-11.04.2019г.; законна лихва върху вземанията от датата на подаване на заявлението в съда до окончателното им изплащане; 237,60лв. застрахователна премия за периода 11.11.2018г.-11.04.2019г.; 58,32лв. лихва за забава за периода от 11.11.2018г. до датата на подаване на заявлението в съда.

Към заявлението са приложени договор за заем CrediGo № 5342-00018925/11.10.2018г., сключен между длъжника и "Микро Кредит" АД, искане за заем от същата дата, общи условия за сключване на този вид договор, застрахователна полица за застраховка Защита, пакет „Премиум живот“.

Районният съд е издал заповед за изпълнение за главницата по договора за заем, ведно със законната лихва, за договорната лихва и лихвата за забава върху главницата. Тези въпроси не попадат в предмета на въззивното обжалване.

За да откаже издаване на заповед за изпълнение за сумата 237,60лв. застрахователна премия по договор за допълнителни услуги за периода 11.11.2018г.-11.04.2019г., районният съд е приел, че договорената клауза за заплащане на застраховката е с неравноправен характер по смисъла на чл.143 ЗЗП. Първостепенният съд е изложил съображяния, и че общият сбор на дължимата главница, договорна лихва, еднократната такса от 65лв. и застраховката формира размер от 303,74лв., който се явява над половината от стойността на кредита, което противоречи на чл.19 ал.4 ЗПК. При наличието на хипотезата на чл.411 ал.2 т.3 ГПК съдът е отказал да издаде на заповед за изпълнение.

Във връзка с очертания предмет на въззивно обжалване, от правна страна въззивният съд намира следното: заповедният съд е длъжен да извърши преценка за съответствие на заявлението за издаване на заповед за изпълнение със закона и добрите нрави, а съгласно чл.411 ал.2 т.3 ГПК искането не може да се основава на неравноправна клауза в договор, сключен с потребител или при наличие на обоснована вероятност за това, за което съда следи служебно. При тази преценка съдът съпоставя твърденията за обстоятелствата, от които произтичат субективните права, предмет на заявлението, със закона и добрите нрави, изследва и въпроса за наличие на неравноправни клаузи.

Сключеният договор между длъжника и "Микро Кредит" АД представлява договор за потребителски кредит, по аргумент от чл.9 ал.1 от Закона за потребителския кредит, поради което са приложими разпоредбите на ЗПК.

Съгласно чл.143 ЗЗП неравноправна клауза в договор, сключен с потребител, е всяка уговорка в негова вреда, която не отговаря на изискването за добросъвестност и води до значително неравноправие между правата и задълженията на търговеца или доставчика и потребителя, като са изброени изчерпателно различни хипотези на неравноправие. Неравноправните клаузи в договорите са нищожни, освен ако не са уговорени индивидуално –чл.146 ал.1 ЗЗП, а алинея 2 от същата разпоредба регламентира, че не са индивидуално уговорени клаузите, които са били изготвени предварително и поради това потребителят не е имал възможност да влияе върху съдържанието им, особено в случаите на договор при общи условия.

По силата на сключения договор за заем CrediGo № 5342-00018925/11.10.2018г. потребителят е заявил желание да ползва допълнителна услуга, представляваща финансиране и разсрочване на застрахователна премия по сключен договор за застраховка, при посочени по-долу условия (такива не са посочени).

Клаузата за заплащане на застраховка Защита пакет "Премиум Живот" е неравноправна по смисъла на чл.143 ЗЗП, тъй като с уговарянето на подобно допълнително възнаграждение – шест месечни вноски по 39,60лв., се нарушава разпоредбата на чл.19 ал.4 ЗПК, касаеща ограничение в размера на ГПР. В договора за кредит е уговорен ГПР 49,40%. Разходите за заплащане на процесната допълнителна услуга е част от общите разходи по кредита и следва да се отчитат при изчисляването на ГПР, което води до нарушаване на сочената норма. Изводът е, че клаузата за финансиране на застраховка като договорена допълнителна услуга не отговаря на изискването за добросъвестност и води до значително неравноправие между правата и задълженията на търговеца и потребителя.

Налице е хипотезата на чл. 411 ал.2 т.3 ГПК., поради което отказът за издаване на заповед за изпълнение по чл.410 ГПК за горната сума е законосъобразен. Частната жалба следва да бъде оставена без уважение.

Водим от горното, съдът

ОПРЕДЕЛИ:

Оставя без уважение частната жалба на „Агенция за събиране на вземания“ЕАД, представляван от изп.директор Д.Б., срещу разпореждане № 1140а/14.04.2020г., постановено по ч.гр.д. № 484/2020г. на РС Разград.

Определението не подлежи на обжалване.

    

ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛ:                                 

 

 

                                                                     ЧЛЕНОВЕ: 1.                             

 

 

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