Определение по дело №772/2017 на Окръжен съд - Варна

Номер на акта: 739
Дата: 7 юли 2017 г. (в сила от 1 август 2017 г.)
Съдия: Трайчо Георгиев Атанасов
Дело: 20173100200772
Тип на делото: Частно наказателно дело
Дата на образуване: 30 юни 2017 г.

Съдържание на акта

 

О  П  Р  Е  Д  Е  Л  Е  Н  И  Е

 

 

 

 

Номер ………………           Година  2017                        Град Варна

 

Варненският окръжен съд                                   Наказателно отделение

 

На седми юли                                         Година две хиляди и седемнадесета

 

В закрито заседание в следния състав:

 

ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛ : Трайчо Атанасов

 

като разгледа докладваното от председателя

ЧНД № 772 по описа на съда за 2017г.,

за да се произнесе взе предвид:

 

 

Производството е по реда на чл.243, ал.4 от НПК.

 

Предмет на проверката е постановление на прокурор при ВОП от                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                    13.06.2017г. за прекратяване на наказателното производство по д.п. № 181/ 15г. по описа на  ОД на МВР -  Варна.

Срещу цитираното определение е постъпила  жалба от  М на ф. на РБ. Моли се за отмяна на съдебния акт.

За да се произнесе ВОС прецени следното :

Досъдебно производство № ***/2015г. е започнало на 22.05.2015г. и е водено срещу Неизвестен извършител  за престъпление по чл. 255 ал.1 т.2 вр. чл.26 ал.1 от НК.

С постановление на прокурор при ВОП от 13.06.2017г. воденото наказателно производство е било прекратено на осн. чл.243 ал.1 т.2 от НПК, като се счита, че  обвинението не е доказано.

 

 Жалбата е основателна.

По реда и със способите на НПК в хода на досъдебното производство е била установена фактическа обстановка, която не се оспорва от страните и ВОС не намира за необходимо да я преповтаря.

Предмет на спор са правните изводи на прокурора. Представителят на Държавата счита, че пълномощниците на физическите лица не следва да бъдат изключвани от кръга на субектите  които следва да носят наказателна отговорност при доказаност на обвинението от субективна и обективна страна.

В случая, за до обоснове извода си за това, че С.Р.В.не следва да носи наказателна отговорност за това, че като пълномощник на съпруга си  Валентин Руменов Вълков е подала ГДД за 2007г., 2008г. и 2009г. по чл.50 от ЗДДФЛ  в която потвърдила неистина и избегнала установяването и плащането на данъчни задължения в големи размери прокурорът е счел, че когато данъчно задължено е физическо лице, именно то е годния субект на данъчно престъпление. В тази насока е цитирана т.3 от ТР № 4/2016г. на ОСНК на ВКС на РБ, като се счита, че по силата на това тълкувателно решение пълномощниците на физическите лица са изключени като годен субект на данъчно престъпление.

Този извод според ВОС е неправилен. Внимателния прочит на тълкувателното решение сочи, че въпроса отправен от Главния прокурор на РБ към съда е касаел дали може да бъде ангажирана наказателната  отговорност пълномощници  на търговски дружества и еднолични търговци, а не на физически лица. В тази насока обсъждането и отговора на ВКС се е ограничил в рамките на зададения въпрос без да се обсъжда наказателна отговорност на пълномощници на физически лица по ЗДДФЛ. В т.3 от цитираното тълкувателно решение е прието, че пълномощници на еднолични търговци могат да бъдат годни субекти на данъчни престъпления.

По силата н чл.1 от ЗДДФЛ данъчно задължени субекти по този закон са и  физическите лица за доходите от стопанска дейност като едноличен търговец. Т.е пълномощник на едноличен търговец може да подаде данъчна декларация и да носи наказателна отговорност, но ако е пълномощник на едно лице само като физическо подавайки данъчна декларация по същия закон не може да носи отговорност.

Приемането на  становището на  ВОП, което изключва пълномощниците на физически лица като годни субекти на данъчни престъпления  не съответства на целите на наказателната политика на Държавата и на практика би дало възможност всяко физическо лице, което иска да укрие данъци да си упълномощава пълномощник и да не носи наказателна отговорност когато укритите данъци са в големи, или особено големи размери :

 – данъчно задълженото лице поради факта, че не е контактувал със подалия декларация счетоводител – както е случая

- счетоводителя да не носи отговорност поради безвиновно поведение доколкото е получил документите от пълномощника

-  пълномощника  да не носи наказателна отговорност по силата на приетото от ВОП.

Подобна логика не съответства както на закона, така и на целите на наказателната политика на Държавата, още повече както е  в случая пълномощник е лице, което има същите данъчни задължения, доколкото доходите са реализирани от продажба на движими вещи намиращи се в режим на семейна имуществена общност и наказателното производство срещу което е било прекратено поради плащане на задълженията, прилагане на закон за по-леко наказуемо престъпление, а оттам и на института на давността.

 

С оглед на изложеното  постановлението на ВОП за прекратяване на наказателното производство следва да бъде отменено и делото върнато на прокурора за допълнително разследване. Доколкото ангажирането на наказателната отговорност на конкретно лице е в прерогативите на прокурора ВОС не следва да посочи кое лице и за какво престъпление следва да бъде привлечено.

 

По изложените съображения  и на осв. чл.243 ал.5 т.3 от НПК съдът,

 

    

 

 

 

          О  П  Р  Е  Д  Е  Л  И  :

 

ОТМЕНЯ постановление на прокурор при ВОП  от  13.06.2017г.                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                               за прекратяване на наказателното производство по д.п. № ***/ 15г. по описа на  ОД на МВР  – Варна.

                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                     Връща делото на ВОП за изпълнение на указанията по приложението на закона.

Препис от определението да се връчи на ТД на НАП – Варна  и ВОП.

 

Определението подлежи на жалба или протест в 7 дневен срок от връчване на преписите пред Апелативен съд – Варна.

 

 

ПРЕДСЕДАТЕЛ :